Skin Care Tips

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Dry

Dryness is caused by a lack of oil in the skin, which may result in flakiness, sensitivity, and itchiness. Lifestyle and environmental factors, or chronic conditions like eczema can cause dry skin. Dry skin is less elastic and tight because the skin lacks lipids or fats. To care for dry skin, it’s essential to seal in moisture by applying a rich moisturiser daily, avoid using harsh soaps, or products with high fragrance levels. Try introducing a serum to your moisturising routine as serums generally contain higher active levels relative to moisturisers, and prioritise drinking enough water everyday.

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Sensitive

Skin sensitivity stems from genetics, allergies or environmental factors. The tell-tale signs of this skin type include skin that flushes easily, frequently develops rashes or bumps, often stings or burns after using skincare products (especially ones with fragrances), and has areas of flaky, irritated skin. Individuals with sensitive skin must be careful when choosing skin care products. Sensitive skin types need to avoid using products that are highly fragranced or have levels of irritants like alcohol. Look instead for products with less additives and ones that are calming, soothing and have anti-inflammatory properties.

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Combination

Combination skin takes its name from the fact that it is a mixture of two skin types: unproblematic and oily. An individual with combination skin will have oily skin and develop blemishes in the t-zone of the face, or the area across the forehead, down the nose, to the chin. By contrast, the rest of the face tends to be well-balanced and sometimes dry. With this skin type, it’s best to avoid both high oil and alcohol based products, isolate problem areas with spot treatments, and use toners or balancing creams to even out the skin.

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Oily

If your skin tends to be shiny, you are likely to have oily skin. Individuals with an oily skin type have heightened sebum production and are, therefore, more prone to blackheads and acne. Oily skin can be genetic, or occur when experiencing hormonal changes/imbalances, when taking certain medication, or from stress. Shine control is a top concern for oily skin and ingredients like mineral oil, and petrolatum should be avoided. Instead make use of exfoliators and moisturisers that help minimise breakouts. Look for products like oil-free moisturisers, chemical exfoliants and clay masks to keep oily skin happy and healthy.

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What do the SPF factors mean?

SPF stands for sun protection factor and is a measure of how long a sunscreen will protect your skin from UVB rays that cause sunburn. A sunscreen with an SPF of 30, for example, means it takes 30 times longer for your skin to get burnt by the sun than when no sunscreen is applied. The higher the SPF, therefore, the longer the sunscreen will protect your skin from the sun.

Although SPF is a helpful measure to determine how well a sunscreen will protect your skin, it shouldn’t be the only factor one takes into account. Your skin type, age and how you apply the sunscreen can make a big difference in how well your skin is protected. SPF also only takes into account how well a sunscreen protects your skin from UVB rays, so it’s important to purchase one with broad-spectrum protection to account for UVA rays as well.

Regardless of the SPF, sunscreen should be applied 20 minutes before going into the sun and reapplied every 2 hours, or immediately after swimming or sweating. One can’t rely on high SPFs alone and should still seek shade, wear protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats and UV-blocking sunglasses to ensure your skin receives maximum protection from the harmful effects of the sun

Protecting Your Skin Barrier

Your skin is protected by a barrier, known as the hydrolipidic film, which consists of water, sebum and lipids. The hydrolipidic film protects your skin from external aggressors, like bacteria, and seals in water and electrolytes that keep skin looking dewy and smooth. The skin barrier is essential for protecting the body against external factors that could negatively impact our overall health, so it’s important to look after and protect your skin barrier.

The first step in protecting your skin barrier is to assess the strength of your skin barrier by paying careful attention to your skin. If your skin barrier is in poor condition, your skin could be itchy, inflamed, dull and flaky. Not drinking enough water, consuming too much alcohol or caffeine can also damage your skin barrier, and environmental factors like being exposed to too much sun or wind. If your skin barrier is healthy, however, it will successfully retain water, and be more supple and radiant as a result. The good news is that a damaged skin barrier can be corrected and restored to good health with a good skin care routine and a healthy lifestyle, but a dermatologist may need to be consulted if there is an underlying skin disease.

A good moisturiser, like those which contain the ingredient linoleic acid, can help repair barrier function. Washing your face with luke-warm water is also preferable as hot water can be damaging to your skin barrier. If the water is too hot for the skin on your hands, it will definitely be too hot for your face. Wearing an effective, broad-spectrum sunscreen that’s full of antioxidants will ensure your skin is protected from the harmful rays of the sun and from other environmental stressors. It is also important to drink enough water and eat a balanced diet full of omega rich foods like fish, flax seeds and walnuts as these foods promote a healthy skin barrier.

UVA & UVB – What are they and why is it important to protect against both?

Sunlight consists of many different types of rays, with the most harmful being Ultraviolet (UV) rays. When UV light interacts with the skin, it generates highly reactive free radicals that can cause damage to the skin cells. The more damage they cause, the greater the chance of developing wrinkles and other illnesses like skin cancer. There are two types of basic UV rays that reach the earth’s surface: UVA and UVB. UVA is responsible for skin damage and premature aging, and UVB provides the energy your skin needs for vitamin D production but is also responsible for sunburns.

The amount of UV light the skin is exposed to, depends on factors like the time of day, the season and your geographical location. The degree of damage from UV rays depends on their intensity and the length of time your skin has been exposed without protection. Although UVA and UVB damage can be severe, you can greatly reduce the risks by taking steps to protect your skin.

The most effective means of UVA and UVB protection is to reduce your skin’s exposure to UV light altogether by avoiding being in direct sunlight, especially between the hours of 10am and 4pm when the sun’s rays are the strongest. You can also reduce sun exposure by wearing clothes like long-sleeved shirts, long pants or skirts, hats and sunglasses. If your skin is going to be exposed to direct sunlight, wearing sunscreen is essential. Try use sunscreens with broad spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays, and a sun protection factor (SPF) of 30 or higher as these provide the best protection against the sun.

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Skin Types

Dry

Sensitive

Combination

Oily

What do the SPF factors mean?

Protecting Your Skin Barrier

UVA & UVB – What are they and why is it important to protect against both?